Management Case Study about iPhone Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Management about iPhone - Case Study Example Jobs had the ability to create a lot of free publicity, thus giving Apple’s product launch a lot of attention (Isaacson 2011, p. 432). This marketing strategy ensured that people already wanted to own the iPhone long before it was launched. According to analysts, the attention Apple created for its new product resulted in the company pushing its sales from five hundred thousand to a million units within the first two days after its launch. Another reason for its success in the American market is its cut in pricing. Ten weeks after its launch, Apple made a significant cut in prices of its products that made the iPhone cheaper than other smartphones in its category. Other factors to the Apple’s success are the customer services at the Apple stores, Apple creating products that even its creators would want to own, the simplicity of Apple’s products and the ease to use, and Apple always aiming to be ahead of its competitors (Apple Inc.s iPhone 2008, p.4). When Apple first ventured into Europe, it was met with the same enthusiasm it had in the American market. According to analysts, the hype created when iPhone was launched in Europe, resulted in an enormous success represented by approximately three hundred and thirty thousand sales in only three months. However, Apple has not been able to capture the European markets as it has in America. Its failure is due to its inability to provide its customers with phones that could be operated by any mobile network providers. Apple’s competitors have the advantage of being able to provide this function to their customers. The shortcoming resulted in short-lived success (Cavusgil, Knight, Riesenberger, Rammal, & Rose 2014, p. 243). Apple’s marketing plan should be mostly focused on the younger generation. Although it is important to focus on all age groups, it is the younger generation who will be more open-minded to new technologies and devices.

Minimum Wage affecting the hunger and environmental nutrition Research Paper

Minimum Wage affecting the hunger and environmental nutrition - Research Paper Example Malnutrition, that is, lack of necessary ingredients for growth and development of people has thus been of great importance in many journals. Even with individuals with enough not feel hungry can still suffer malnutrition. In this case, the malnutrition is not just on lack of food but improper balanced diet. Food security, variety coupled with their affordability defines an environmental nutrition standard of a country. Dietary behaviors influence the whole community in a country though individual practices at household level. These dietary patterns are influenced by various factors among them the income of a household. The purchasing power of a household is determined by its income, holding any other factor constant (Mabli et al., 2010). The introduction of minimum wage requirement exposes various households to a threat of limited amount of goods and services. An income for a household is divided into various categories of expenses (Green-Lapierre et al.’ 2012). These expenses include among others recurrent bill payment, Personal hygiene items, allocation for transportation and most importantly food purchases. This part of argument is mostly concerned with influence of the idea of minimum wage on food purchase part of the expense (Barre, Mizier-Barre & Macintyre, 2011). A considerable high income obviously allows households to exercise a greater freedom in partitioning between the expenses and thus allowing for wide scope of choices, such as with food selection (Kirkpatrick & Tarasuk, 2010). Prices of different commodities are very vital in any decision regarding consumption. The ability to buy of a person is a function of the price under consideration. This means that household with low income or who due to the urgency of the other categories of expenses cannot afford high-nutrition foods are forced to resort to cheaper, less healthy foods (Mabli et al. 2010). Nutritious food consumption

Eastern Religions Analysis Essay Example for Free

Eastern Religions Analysis Essay Modern western medicine is based on knowledge and technological innovations appeared in 19th and 20th centuries. In contrast to eastern traditions, modern western medicine rejects the role of mind and soul in treatment trying to explain everything form Rationalist point of view. Recent years, eastern religious traditions penetrate into modern medicine brining new understanding of diseases and their causes. Alternative medicine is a ‘branch’ of modern medicine which applied eastern religious traditions into professional medical practice. The main advantage of eastern religious traditions (Daoism, Hinduism, etc. ) is interpretation of mind-body interaction which sees human mind and body as a part of the world order, nature and cosmic environment. Following eastern religious traditions, modern medicine uses meditation techniques and relaxation as the main tools to treat many incurable diseases. They program mind towards positive thinking and health. Eastern teaching includes unconscious ideas that shape everyday behavior, namely the right decision, the right attitude and truth. â€Å"By going to a practitioner skilled in one of these arts [eastern practices], patients feel that they are getting a complete doctor someone to treat their medical condition and to give them wise advice about life as well† (Dworkin 2001, 3). As the most important, eastern religious traditions use herbal substances and other natural ingredients as an alternative to surgical treatment methods. Today, more and more drugs consist of herbs and vitamins as the most effective and safe measures of treatment. Eastern religious traditions prove that chemical substances are ineffective if a person (patient) cannot change his attitude towards life and his diseases. Dworkin explains: â€Å"Alternative medicine stands between medical science and organized religion, and therefore stands between what is known and what is unknown† (Dworkin 2001, 3). In spite of great knowledge, the role of eastern religious traditions and their practical application is still limited by rational knowledge of western society. Modern India is influenced by globalization and westernization processes which changed social ideals and beliefs of modern generations. The remarkable feature of modern society is that it does not reject and ignore old beliefs and values applying new traditions and innovation to its cultural heritage. Following Frawley, it is possible to interpret Hinduism as: â€Å"the Dharmic soul of India, [which helps] to rise up from deep sleep and realize its true heritage† (Frawley 2002, 113). Popular culture of social and intellectual elite is primarily viewed by strong traditions of people, as well as religious dogmas, and Hinduism is the source that influences popular culture. After the period of colonialism and Communism, this change in national consciousness and mind is a result of the collapse of a stable world-view created during 20th century, which led to panic and moral decay. In modern India, social norms play greater role than Hinduism and are seen as a priority. Some critics admit that some Hindus are distance themselves from religious traditions â€Å"avoiding being seen going to temples, Yet may go to churches and mosques as a demonstration in their universality of religion. (Frawley, 16 cited Thaiyar 2002, 113). This tendency shows that modern generations are free to practice a high degree of ethical pluralism in their personal life choosing personal religion and way of life. Changing ideologies required changes of common people who are the base of popular culture. Still, Hinduism has a tremendous impact on cultural and social life of Hindus as a part of historical development and national identity. In general modern society is suppressed by social changes which influence world perception and culture, but, at the same time and again are associated with the reformed religion, which demands strict code of ethics and beliefs. Today, most Hindus subconsciously follow Hinduism traditions and philosophy, way of life and food patterns as a part of national culture they cannot change. Hinduism penetrates all spheres of social life and cultural norms reshaping modern nation and its values formed during the 1950s. References Dworkin, R.W. (2001). Science, Faith and Alternative Medicine. Policy Review, p. 3. Thaiyar, S. (2002). Arise Arjuna: Hinduism and the Modern World. International Journal of Humanities and Peace, 18, p. 113.

Development of the Underclass in the 1990s

Development of the Underclass in the 1990s Critically evaluate the research evidence in support of the contention that Britain developed an underclass in the 1990s? What are the main differences between the use of underclass and the concept of social exclusion and why is the distinction important? Introduction The idea that society was stratified and inhabited by different classes of people dates back to the thought of Karl Marx. Marx saw capitalist society as exploitative and oppressive. Marx maintained that the conflicts between those who rule and those who are ruled, would eventually lead to changes in the economic system of a society (Marsh, I et al.2000). According to Marx the blame for class exploitation does not lie with individual capitalists but is inherent in capitalist systems . Conflict and tension are also evident in capitalist systems. These are especially evident between between different groups of wage earners and between the ruling classes these would intensify due to a number of developments, namely polarisation, homogenisation, and pauperisation (Marsh, I et al.2000). Polarisation, Marx believed, would occur as a result of increasing tension and hostility between the ruling class and the working class, within the groups individuals would become more like each other resulting in homogenisation, capitalists in their desire for expansion and workers in their reliance on work in factories rather than on traditional skills. The success of capitalism meant that wages need to be kept down and the gap widened between employers and workers. In this way workers are made poorer, or become unemployed and are pauperised. Marx believed that this would result in social revolution and the setting up of a new social system (Marsh, I et al.2000). This did not happen and such pauperization, it might be argued became the basis for what Charles Murray (1990) has termed the development of an underclass. This paper will evaluate evidence to assess whether and in what ways an underclass may be said to have developed in Britain during the 1990s. It will also look at the main differences between the concept of an underclass and the concept of social exclusion and why this distinction is important. Charles Murray and the Underclass Charles Murray is an American and his theory of the underclass was originally developed in over there. He saw an increase in violent crime, a rise in the number of illegitimate births and people dropping out from the labour force, it was on this basis that he formed his theory of a developing underclass. He then attempted to apply this theory to the UK where he observed similar phenomenon taking place. Some of his views led to heated debates, particularly with regard to single mothers, during the Thatcher and Major governments and under New Labour. Unlike America, Britain is more of a welfare state, or was at the time, and he believed that the over provision of welfare services encouraged welfare dependency and a decreasing desire to work for a living (Murray, 1989). Greater welfare provision, he argued encouraged young girls to have children out of wedlock because they no longer had to rely on a man to support them and their child. The culture of dependency that Murray identified, did, he argued, have a generational aspect. Young males growing up without proper role models ran wild and fathered illegitimate children themselves thus continuing a dependency culture. Debates in England His arguments were welcomed by the then Conservative Government who had already vowed to roll back the welfare state. Claiming themselves to be the party of the family (Giddens, 2001) they agreed with Murray that those who did not work should not have children. Those who did have children out of wedlock and could not support them should have their benefits stopped and be forced to give their children up for adoption. Throughout the 1990s this view was espoused by a number of British politicians who aired their views on television debating shows. Although this did not happen, successive Governments have tightened their hold on benefits purse strings and made life much harder for those who have to live on welfare benefits. This had further repercussions in policy making in the UK. The Housing Act of 1996 was seen by many as a result of these debates and deleted some groups from local authority housing lists those people e.g. single mothers, who had been a priority when it came to local authority housing allocation, thus reducing the responsibility towards the homeless for local authorities. It also brought in the Single Persons Homeless Register, thus reducing responsibility for those who would have been seen as in priority need (Bramley et al, 2005). During this time increased unemployment left large numbers dependent on benefits. The number of those who are long-term unemployed also rose. Social changes and successive government policies has widened the gap between rich and poor. Field (1996) has argued that the actions of the Conservative Government in targeting benefits through means testing, actually increased welfare dependency and put people into an inescapable poverty trap. Field further maintains that these policies were a major factor in the developm ent of an underclass in Britain. However, in Field’s view the blame rests squarely on the shoulders of the Thatcher and Major governments. The Underclass and Ethnicity Some of Murray’s views might be considered racist, in that he claims that black people are less intelligent than whites and black women are more likely to have illegitimate children and live on benefits. Giddens supports Murray’s ideas of an underclass and (albeit for market reasons rather than the reasons given by Murray) also argues that a dual labour market is in operation and as a result of discrimination the underclass contains a high proportion of people from ethnic minorities. Much of what he has to say pre-empts Murray’s work as it was written in 1973. Where ethnic differences serves as a disqualifying market capacity, such that those in the category are heavily concentrated in the lowest paid occupations, or are chronically unemployed or self-employed, we may speak of the existence of and underclass (Giddens, 1973:112). Gaillie (1994) has questioned the arguments of Murray and Giddens. He disputes the idea that the underclass develops a specific culture and maintains that there is little evidence to support the existence of a dual labour market. He does however, acknowledge that the position of many people in the labour market has been weakened to the point where they are working for slave wages. While this does tend to support the existence of an underclass, Gaillie refutes the notion that such groups are forming either a class or a culture. Murray’s Later Work Writing in 1999 Murray observed that unemployment among young males was much higher than ten years earlier. He disputes the findings of others when he maintains that there was no evidence to suggest that this was the result of a shrinking market. He cites a rise in crime rates, particularly violent crime as further evidence that an underclass sin Britain is developing in the same way as in America. These figures are however disputed by other theorists who would argue that although the crime rate is high it has been on a downturn. He also refers again to the number of single parent families, but figures in Britain evidence that the majority of single parent families are that way as a result of divorce or the death of a partner, rather than the never married single mother. Some of what Murray has to say takes little account of other social problems that may contribute to people living on the margins of society. Some of the groups that Murray refers to might be said to be socially exclu ded, but this is not the same thing as an underclass. Social Exclusion Social exclusion is a term used in a variety of ways but is generally seen to refer to those people who for one reason or another are not fully included in the social life of a community. The reasons for social exclusion are connected, and are poverty, unemployment, and a lack of education. These are not only reasons however, where a person lives, their ethnicity, sexual orientation, or disabilities are also reasons why they might be regarded as excluded. Government recognises that they cannot tackle social exclusion unless they adopt an approach that deals with all these issues together (ODPM, 2004). However, much Government discourse tends to make little distinction between the socially excluded and an underclass because many of its documents refer to single parent families, anti-social behaviour and youth crime. This is wrong because people can be socially excluded without being part of a sub-culture or underclass, if such a thing exists. Social exclusion is a process that stops p eople from fully participating in society (Giddens, 2001) whereas the concept of an underclass implies that some people choose to opt out of society. Conclusion Although there are times where Murray presents a convincing argument, it is not convincing enough to be able to say that there really is an underclass in Britain. Too many different forces could account for the increase in the number of people on benefits, not least a shrinking labour market which Murray refuses to acknowledge, even though many theorist will agree that this is a global phenomenon. Some points that he makes could place people in the category of socially excluded, but as this paper has attempted to establish that is not the same thing as being a member of an underclass. It is certainly the case that some groups of people are a lot less fortunate than others. Many single parents are forced to rely on benefits because if they go to work they will be even worse off. The costs of childcare are astronomical. In conclusion I would say that the evidence does not support Murray’s theory of an underclass. It does tend to suggest that we live in a society where the gap be tween rich and poor gets wider every day. This in turn means that people are excluded from full social participation e.g. many parents cannot afford for their children to go on school trips. People who live in poorer areas go to the worst schools and so exclusion becomes a vicious circle, but that is not the same thing as saying an underclass is developing in Britain. Bibliography Bramley et al, 2005 Evaluation of English Housing Policy 1975-2002 Field, F. 1996. Stakeholder Welfare. London, IEA Gaillie, D 1994 â€Å" Are the unemployed and underclass? Some evidence from the social change and economic life initiative† Sociology 28, 3 pp737-757 Giddens A 1973 The Class Structure of the Advanced Societies London, Hutchinson Giddens A 2001 Sociology 4th ed Cambridge Polity Murray, C 1989 Underclass Sunday Times Magazine I 26th November Murray, C 2000 Underclass+10 Charles Murray and the British Underclass 1990-2000 London, Civitas in association with The Sunday Times ODPM, 2004. Theme 1: Supply, Need and Access London ODPM Walsh, I ed. 2000 Sociology: Making Sense of Society. Edinburgh, Prentice Hall.

Welfare Reform Package: Helping Individuals Help Themselves Essay exam

It is nearly impossible to support one particular stance on the political spectrum for societal issues across the board. I have always placed myself in the libertarian category on the political spectrum, in the sense that I believe the government should refrain from passing laws that impose on individual freedom and support privatization and the free market. When it comes to the welfare state, I don’t think that the key to a successful reform necessarily lies in the cutting back of government spending, but rather a redistribution of the budget. I recognize the need for government assistance but firmly believe that more emphasis needs to be put on providing opportunities for individuals through job training, education, and work subsidies. As the American Political Science Association discussed, in their report on the rising inequalities present in democratic America, â€Å"Americans accept economic inequalities only when they are sure that everyone has an equal chance to get ahead† (APSA, 2004). The welfare state in the US was formulated as part of Roosevelt’s â€Å"New Deal† in response to the Great Depression of the 1930s. During that time, welfare was intended to provide aid to widows with children, while helping to support farm workers and stimulating the agricultural sector by using surplus as food aid. This era paved the way for social security, emergency relief funds, and created the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC). The 1960s brought the second large wave of welfare reform with Lyndon Johnson’s â€Å"Great Society† legislation. Johnson waged a â€Å"war† on poverty by increasing social services and drastically increasing the population receiving AFDC. The subsequent decades brought about debate as attempts at welfare reductio... ...cation and creating a climate in which a more educated population is possible would create more opportunity and reduce the passing of welfare dependence from generation to generation. Works Cited Alesina, A., & Glaeser, E. L. (2004). Fighting poverty in the us and europe: A world of difference. Oxford: Oxford University Press. American Political Science Association. (2004). ASPA task force report: American democracy in an age of rising inequality. Perspectives on Politics, 2(4), 651-666. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/3688533 Bane, M. J., & Mead, L. M. (2003). Lifting up the poor: A dialogue on religion, poverty & welfare reform. Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution Georgetown University Morgen, S., Acker, J., & Weigt, J. (2010). Stretched thin: Poor families, welfare work, and welfare reform. New York: Cornell University.

Lorraine Hansberrys A Raisin In The Sun :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lorraine Hansberry is the author of the play A Raisin in the Sun. This play is very significant because it was the first play written by a black playwright to win the Best Play of the Year Award. Another interesting point about the play is the title. The title A Raisin in the Sun also refers to Langston Hughes poem Harlem. In many ways Langston Hughes’ poem relates to Lorraine Hansberry’s play. In the play a family of black Americans have a chance to move ahead in the cruel prejudiced world. Lorraine Hansberry shows the frustrations that occur when one’s dreams are deferred. The Younger family in the play experiences these times of misery when those dreams are broken.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The plot of the drama revolves around the disappointments that occur when one’s dreams are deferred. I think that it was selfish for all of the family members to have their own plan of using the insurance money. It was purely Lena’s choice to decide what was to be done with the money. I also agreed with Lena by not wanting Walter to use the money for a liquor store. When Walter went against Lena’s wish for the rest of the money to go to Beneatha’s college fund, and gave the money to Willy, it made me mad. Walter was being so selfish. In the end Walter redeemed himself by pulling some strings to let Beneatha go to school and be able to move into the new house.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lena was very wise. I think that Lena was the only thing keeping the family together. They all revolved around her, maybe it was because she had the money and was therefore in charge. I liked the way she took control of the family and said what was on her mind. Like when her and Walter were fighting and Ruth had just found out that she was pregnant. I think if it were not for Lena, Walter and his sister Beneatha would have probably killed one another in their arguments. I also felt that when they would argue Ruth would always somehow get stuck in between. Usually because Walter would bring her in to it. Ruth had to be the responsible person in the family, other than Lena. Ruth did most of the work in the house and kept everything running smooth.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There were also many symbols in the play. I think that one of the biggest symbols in the play was Lena’s flower.

Henri Cartier-Bresson, Diane Arbus and Anna-Lou “Annie” Leibovitz Essay

Thomas Wedgwood was the first man to think of and develop a method to copy visible images chemically to permanent media and Joseph Nià ©pce was one of the inventors of photography, he developed the heliography, a technique used to produce the world’s first known photograph in 1825. Among Niece’s other inventions was the Pyrà ©olophore, the world’s first ‘internal combustion engine’, which he conceived, created, and developed with his older brother Claude. This is how photography came about and how it is today. In this essay I’ll be taking about Henri Cartier-Bresson, Diane Arbus and Annie Leibovitz and how they became photographers, also the similarities and differences between the three most famous 20th century photographers. Henri Cartier-Bresson born 22 August 1908, in Chanteloup, France and died 3 August 2004, in Montjusine, France. Cartier-Bresson was a pioneer in photojournalism and wandered the world with his camera, becoming totally engrossed in his current environment. As he was one of the major photographers in the 20th century, he covered all sorts of things from the Spanish Civil War to the French uprisings in 1968. Cartier-Bresson was known for being a French photographer whose humane, spontaneous photographs helped establish photojournalism as an art form. Cartier-Bresson’s photographs are portraits of people and what was going on in the world. These are some quotes of his about photography: â€Å"In photography, the smallest thing can be a great subject. The little, human detail can become a Leitmotiv.† â€Å"Photography is an immediate reaction, drawing is a meditation.† â€Å"To take photographs means to recognize – simultaneously and within a fraction of a second – both the fact itself and the rigorous organization of visually perceived forms that give it meaning. It is putting one’s head, one’s eye and one’s heart on the same axis.† â€Å"The photograph itself doesn’t interest me. I want only to capture a minute part of reality.† Diane Arbus born 14 March 1923, in New York City, USA and died 26 July 1971, in Greenwich Village, New York City, USA. Arbus learn photography from her husband (married 1941 then divorced 1969 and had 2 kids) Allan Arbus. She was one of the most unique photographers in the 20th century and she was known for her unnatural portraits and offbeat subjects. At a young age she had artistic talent and in high school she was interested in creating paintings and drawings. Arbus’ photographs are the same as Henri Cartier-Bresson, portraits of people and what was going on in the world. These are some interesting quotes of hers: â€Å"A photograph is a secret about a secret. The more it tells you the less you know.† â€Å"I really believe there are things nobody would see if I didn’t photograph them.† â€Å"The world can only be grasped by action, not by contemplation. The hand is the cutting edge of the mind.† â€Å"There are an awful lot of people in the world and it’s going to be terribly hard to photograph all of them†¦ It was my teacher Lisette Model who finally made it clear to me that the more specific you are, the more general it will be.† Anna-Lou â€Å"Annie† Leibovitz born 2 October 1949, in Waterbury, Connecticut, USA. Leibovitz is a third-generation American whose great-grandparents were Jewish immigrants, from Central and Eastern Europe. Around her teens, Leibovitz became interested in various artistic endeavors, and began to write and play music. Leibovitz was training at San Francisco Art Institute, where she studied painting. For several years, she continued to develop her photography skills while working various jobs. Leibovitz’s photographs are remakes of Disney movies and are very unique. These are some of her quotes that are about anything and everything: â€Å"I admired the work of photographers like Beaton, Penn, and Avedon as much as I respected the grittier photographers such as Robert Frank. But in the same way that I had to find my own way of reportage, I had to find my own form of glamour.† â€Å"Nature is so powerful, so strong. Capturing its essence is not easy – your work becomes a dance with light and the weather. It takes you to a place within yourself.† â€Å"I’m more interested in being good than being famous.† â€Å"I sometimes find the surface interesting. To say that the mark of a good portrait is whether you get them or get the soul – I don’t think this is possible all of the time.† Both Henri Cartier-Bresson and Diane Arbus took photographs of people and everyday life showing what was going on in the world, they both also toke photographs of street photography. While Annie Leibovitz was and still is taking portraits of people in a very wild, crazy and unique way as she photographs her very own remakes of Disney movies. Henri Cartier-Bresson would go around the world doing street photography and that’s why in all his photographs there are different emotions and his not just trying to get the same thing all the time because every second something changes in an instant. All of Henri Cartier-Bresson’s photographs (also Diane Arbus and Annie Leibovitz photographs) were in black and white as they didn’t even have photographs in colour yet and they look so much better in black and white any way, as shown in this portrait of Marilyn Monroe (photograph after the conclusion) in Reno, Nevada, USA in the year of 1961, (17  ½ x 11  ¾ in.) this is such a beautiful photograph of Marilyn as she was an extremely pretty woman. Cartier-Bresson’s photography are intended for ages from 10 years of age and over. Diane Arbus was known for her unnatural portraits and offbeat subjects. She often shot with a Rolleiflex medium format twin-lens reflex that provided a square aspect ratio and a waist-level viewfinder (both the Rolleiflex med format twin-lens reflex and the waist-level viewfinder are a type of camera). Arbus can connect with her subjects in ways that did not involve the standard eye-level viewfinder. In some of Arbus photographs where there are two people, those two people are wearing almost the same thing even if they are of different gender, one of those photographs is the Identical Twins taken in 1967 in Roselle, New Jersey, USA. The two young girls were twin sisters, Cathleen and Colleen Wade, they were both in matching outfits and look very cute (photograph after the conclusion). Arbus’ photography are intended for ages from 10-14 and over as there are some nudity in some of the photographs. Annie Leibovitz is an outstanding and wonderful photographer as her Disney photographs are really cool and amazing plus to use celebrities instead of models is going to make those photographs more likeable, even though most people love Disney as they all grew up with Disney movies and stories. One of my favorite Disney movies of all time would have to be Beauty and the Beast because the Beauty’s name was Belle and it was close to my name plus the Beast kinda looked like a big cat and I love cats so the photograph that I’m going to do for Annie Leibovitz is the Beauty and the Beast with Drew Barrymore as Belle and a real lion for the Beast. This photograph was taken in 2005 and featured in Vogue magazine with the rest of the other Disney photographs. Leibovitz’s photograph is the best one of as it reminds me of my childhood and how I used to watch Beauty and the Beast all the time and still do to this very day (photograph after the conclusion). Leibovitz’s photography is intended from ages 5 and over especially the Disney Dream Portrait series. In conclusion, Henri Cartier-Bresson would travel around the world doing street photography and taking portraits of famous people/celebrities. Cartier-Bresson was a pioneer in photojournalism and wandered the world with his camera, becoming totally engrossed in his current environment. Cartier-Bresson was known for being a French photographer whose humane, spontaneous photographs helped establish photojournalism as an art form. Diane Arbus liked to photograph unnatural and offbeat subjects and if there were two people they were wearing almost the same thing. Arbus learn photography from her husband, Allan Arbus. At a young age she had artistic talent and in high school she was interested in creating paintings and drawings. Last but not least Annie Leibovitz took photographs of Disney movies and made them come to life instead of being a cartoon or animation and has a very unique and fun way to make photography more and more interesting for younger people. Around her teens, Leibovitz became interested in various artistic endeavors, and began to write and play music. Leibovitz was training at San Francisco Art Institute, where she studied painting. In all my new favorite photographer is Annie Leibovitz as she made my favorite Disney movie come to life and helped me think of a new way to express myself while taking a photograph. Henri Cartier-Bresson portrait of Marilyn Monroe: Diane Arbus portrait of Identical Twins: Annie Leibovitz portrait of Disney Dream Portrait Series – Beauty and the Beast: Bibliography: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Nic%C3%A9phore_Ni%C3%A9pce http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Wedgwood_(photographer) http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/h/henri_cartierbresson.html http://www.biography.com/people/henri-cartier-bresson-9240139 http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/d/diane_arbus.html http://www.biography.com/people/diane-arbus-9187461 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annie_Leibovitz http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/a/annie_leibovitz.html http://www.christies.com/lotfinder/lot/henri-cartier-bresson-marilyn-monroe-in-reno-1961-4656889-details.aspx?intObjectID=4656889 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identical_Twins,_Roselle,_New_Jersey,_1967 http://www.elitismstyle.com/blogazine/archives/23666 http://enchantedsereityperiodfilms.blogsport.com.au/2009/11/drew-barrymore-beauty-and-beast.html http://www.photoquotes.com/showquotes.aspx?id=90